What describes additional subspecialty training after residency?

• A. Fellowship
• B. Residency
• C. Internship
• D. Certification

Answer: (A)

After medical school, residency provides the broad training in a specialty, and fellowship is the additional, focused training in a subspecialty within that field. This stage goes beyond the general residency to develop deeper expertise in a specific area, such as cardiology within internal medicine or pediatric endocrinology within pediatrics. Fellowships are typically longer and include advanced clinical skills, and often research, with the goal of achieving subspecialty proficiency and board eligibility in that area. In contrast, internship (historically the first year of clinical training) and residency are the main training periods for the general specialty, while certification is a credential earned after demonstrating competence, not a period of training.